[78] One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s. [202] It can be loaded with Travelcards and used on the Underground, the Overground, buses, trams, the Docklands Light Railway, and National Rail services within London. How many Tube line stations are there? London tram workers in 1930. Approximately 55 per cent of its routes are . [37][284] The Central London Railway appointed Harry Bell Measures as architect, who designed its pinkish-brown steel-framed buildings with larger entrances. Opened on 10 January 1863,[7] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. [1] Many of the central London underground stations on deep-level tube routes are higher than the running lines to assist deceleration when arriving and acceleration when departing. [319][320] By the time London Transport was formed in 1933 the UERL was considered a patron of the arts[312] and over 1000 works were commissioned in the 1930s, such as the cartoon images of Charles Burton and Kauffer's later abstract cubist and surrealist images. [6], The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). On the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines . If you take the average depth below sea level of all the platforms in each tube station - an important clarification - London Bridge comes out on top (bottom). The line opened in 196871 with the trains being driven automatically and magnetically encoded tickets collected by automatic gates gave access to the platforms. 1868. On social media, email or the website, our travel tools can help you get around. Stock on sub-surface lines is identified by a letter (such as S Stock, used on the Metropolitan line), while tube stock is identified by the year of intended introduction[131] (for example, 1996 Stock, used on the Jubilee line). Hyde Park Corner is on the Northern Line. [107][109], The lines are electrified with a four-rail DC system: a conductor rail between the rails is energised at210V and a rail outside the running rails at +420V, giving a potential difference of 630V. On the sections of line shared with mainline trains, such as the District line from East Putney to Wimbledon and Gunnersbury to Richmond, and the Bakerloo line north of Queen's Park, the centre rail is bonded to the running rails. [194] Paper tickets, the contactless Oyster cards, contactless debit or credit cards[195] and Apple Pay[196] and Android Pay[197] smartphones and watches can be used for travel. Heathrow Terminal 4 Underground station is accessible via lifts or stairs on Level -1. A control room for the sub-surface network has been built in Hammersmith and an automatic train control (ATC) system is to replace ageing signalling equipment dating from between the mid-1920s and late 1980s, including the signal cabin at Edgware Road, the control room at Earl's Court, and the signalling centre at Baker Street. [91] In 2019[update], over 12 million Oyster cards and 35 million contactless cards were used, generating around 5bn in ticketing revenue. The London Underground map serves as a playing field for the conceptual game of Mornington Crescent[334] (which is named after a station on the Northern line) and the board game The London Game. Printed in yellow on the Tube map, the 17-mile (27 km) line serves 36 stations, including most of London's main line termini. [231][232], As of January2022[update], there are 90 stations with step-free access from platform to train,[154][233][234] and there are plans to provide step-free access at another 11 stations by 2024. [285] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. Today, London Underground delivers approximately 2.5 billion passenger journeys annually on 11 lines, from 272 stations. The service operates on the: The Jubilee, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, and the Central line between White City and Leytonstone, operate at 10-minute intervals. [133] It was claimed in 2002 that, if animals were being transported, temperatures on the Tube would break European Commission animal welfare laws. The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s,[21] and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. Private infrastructure companies (infracos) would upgrade and maintain the railway, and London Underground would run the train service. The Northern line operates at roughly 8-minute intervals between Morden and Camden Town via Charing Cross, and at 15-minute intervals between Camden Town and Edgware and between Camden Town and High Barnet. [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. This London Underground Stations quiz is designed to test London's biggest transport fanatics. [88], In July 2005, four coordinated terrorist attacks took place, three of them occurring on the Tube network. In early 2014 the Bakerloo, Central, Piccadilly and Waterloo & City line rolling-stock replacement project was renamed New Tube for London (NTfL) and moved from the feasibility stage to the design and specification stage. London Underground, better known as the Tube, has 11 lines covering 402km and serving 272 stations. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). [234] By 2016 a third of stations had platform humps that reduce the step from platform to train. [339] Analysis of the Underground as a network may also be helpful for setting safety priorities, since the stations targeted in the 2005 London bombings were amongst the most effective for disrupting the transportation system. [125] Since the early 1960s all passenger trains have been electric multiple units with sliding doors[126] and a train last ran with a guard in 2000. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. [110], The average speed on the Underground is 20.5mph (33.0km/h). At peak times, there are more than 543 trains whizzing around the Capital. An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. [209], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. Heathrow Terminals 2 and 3 station is between the terminals, which are a few minutes' walk away via pedestrian subway. [289] Harry W. Ford was responsible for the design of at least 17 UERL and District Railway stations, including Barons Court and Embankment, and claimed to have first thought of enlarging the U and D in the UNDERGROUND wordmark. The game also features the multiplayer map "Underground", in which players are combating in a fictitious Underground station. By Alastair Lockhart For Mailonline 14:22 17 Jan 2023, updated 14:22 17 Jan 2023. [150] After the fatal 1987 King's Cross fire, all wooden escalators were replaced with metal ones and the mechanisms are regularly degreased to lower the potential for fires. Under TfL, London's public transport network became more unified, with existing suburban rail lines across London upgraded and rebranded as London Overground from 2007, with the former East London line became part of the Overground network in 2010. LONDON UNDERGROUND LINES & STATIONS THE BAKERLOO LINE The Bakerloo Line was opened in 1906 and is fourteen and a half miles long. The Bakerloo line was extended north to Queen's Park to join a new electric line from Euston to Watford, but the First World War delayed construction and trains reached Watford Junction in 1917. Here are the most magnificent Tube stations on the London Underground. [168][169] In 2019, the Canary Wharf Group suggested the construction of a new rail line between Euston and Canary Wharf, to improve connections to the future High Speed 2 railway. [76] Under the control of the GLC, London Transport introduced a system of fare zones for buses and underground trains that cut the average fare in 1981. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. [218] Since 2010 a dispute between London Underground and trade unions over holiday pay has resulted in a limited service on Boxing Day.[221]. These are made up of the sub-surface network and the deep-tube lines. [300] Stations were built to the latest standards, future proofed for growth, with innovations such as Platform screen doors. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. 14:18, Tue [299] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. 1. [238] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health. Overall, 75 of the 100 best-performing busy stations in the UK are in the capital, and London Overground is one of the top three most punctual railway lines, rail tracker website On Time Trains found. Some stations are in two zones, and the cheapest fare applies. [58] The Second World War suspended these plans after the Bakerloo line had reached Stanmore and the Northern line High Barnet and Mill Hill East in 1941. The Metropolitan line can reach speeds of 62mph (100km/h). This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled articulated trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. The track, electrical supply and signalling systems are also being upgraded in a programme to increase peak-hour capacity. The London Underground has been running for 160 years. In some cases, such as Aldwych and Ongar, the buildings remain and are used for other purposes. [282] Early District Railway stations were similar and on both railways the further from central London the station the simpler the construction. [302], The first posters used various type fonts, as was contemporary practice,[304] and station signs used sans serif block capitals. [249] Most platforms at deep tube stations have pits, often referred to as 'suicide pits', beneath the track. The Central line operates at 20-minute intervals between Leytonstone and Hainault, between Leytonstone and Loughton, and between White City and Ealing Broadway. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. [6] The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. To enable this up to 50 additional trains will be built in addition to the current 106 1995 stock. Bond Street Underground Station Tube Station Canary Wharf Underground Station Tube Station Farringdon Underground Station Tube Station King's Cross St. Pancras Underground Station Tube Station London Bridge Underground Station Tube Station Tottenham Court Road Underground Station Tube Station Waterloo Underground Station Tube Station Search for Tube station or line (e.g. London tram workers queue up for their pay at the tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930. In many stations the ventilation system is now ineffective because of alterations that reduce tunnel diameters and increase turbulence. The line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [261] He presented his original draft in 1931, and after initial rejection it was first printed in 1933. The Underground uses several railways and alignments that were built by main-line railway companies. [240], Compared with 200304, the reliability of the network had increased in 201011, with lost customer hours reduced from 54million to 40million. [60] After work restarted on the Central line extensions in east and west London, these were completed in 1949. [322], Art on the Underground was launched in 2000 to revive London Underground as a patron of the arts. [81], In April 1994, the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by British Rail and known as the Waterloo & City line, was transferred to the London Underground. [134] A 2000 study reported that air quality was seventy-three times worse than at street level, with a passenger inhaling the same mass of particulates during a twenty-minute journey on the Northern line as when smoking a cigarette. London Underground was strongly criticised in the aftermath for its attitude to fires underground, and publication of the report into the fire led to the resignation of senior management of both London Underground and London Regional Transport. Photo Sales. Now, the ventilation space above head height is crowded with ducting, conduits, cameras, speakers and equipment acting as a baffle plates with predictable reductions in flow. Download free London travel maps of the London Underground and other public transport routes. [66][71] Also during the 1960s, the Victoria line was dug under central London and, unlike the earlier tunnels, did not follow the roads above. These were constructed in 1926 to aid drainage of water from the platforms, but also halve the likelihood of a fatality when a passenger falls or jumps in front of a train.[250][251][252]. [266][267], Commissioned by Art on the Underground, the cover of the pocket map is designed by various British and international artists, one of the largest public art commissions in the UK. The line is predicted to run 36 trains per hour, a 25% increase compared to the present service of 34 trains for the busiest 30 minutes in the morning and evening peaks and 2730 trains per hour during the rest of the peak. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. The latest of these lines is the highly successful Elizabeth line which was . Ackroyd, P. (2012). [310], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. [170], The thirty-six 1972-stock trains on the Bakerloo line have already exceeded their original design life of 40 years. A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. [306] A bold version of the capitals was developed by Johnston in 1929. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. [155], In mid-2012, London Underground, in partnership with Virgin Media, tried out Wi-Fi hot spots in many stations, but not in the tunnels, that allowed passengers free internet access. One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. [212] Since 2010, the Freedom Pass has included an embedded holder's photograph; it lasts five years between renewals. [11] Despite its name, only 45% of the system is under the ground: much of the network in the outer environs of London is on the surface. [309] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. [107], Fifty-five per cent of the system runs on the surface. 3. [216][217] The nightly closures are used for maintenance,[216] but some lines stay open on New Year's Eve[218] and run for longer hours during major public events such as the 2012 London Olympics. [239] Capacity increases have been overtaken by increased demand, and peak overcrowding has increased by 16 percent since 200405. [328], Similarly since 1986, Poems on the Underground has commissioned poetry that is displayed in trains. [171], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines. [101] The Northern Line Extension opened in September 2021, extending the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [148] Travellers were asked to stand on the right so that anyone wishing to overtake them would have a clear passage on the left side of the escalator. The Metropolitan line operates express services, known as "fast" or "semi-fast", which do not stop at certain stations, thus decreasing total travelling time and increasing capacity. [80] Following the fire, substantial improvements to safety on the Tube were implemented - including the banning of smoking, removal of wooden escalators, installation of CCTV and fire detectors, as well as comprehensive radio coverage for the emergency services. The line runs 34 trains per hour for half an hour in the morning peak but is unable to operate more frequently because of a lack of additional trains. Most of the system is north of the River Thames, with six of the 32 London boroughs in the south of the city not served by the Underground. Some stations at the north-eastern end of the Central line are in the Epping Forest district of Essex and some stations at the north-western end of the Metropolitan line are in the Three Rivers and Watford districts of Hertfordshire, and Buckinghamshire. [68], The District line needed new trains and an unpainted aluminium train entered service in 1953, this becoming the standard for new trains. London Under. Electrification was extended north from Harrow to Rickmansworth, and branches opened from Rickmansworth to Watford in 1925 and from Wembley Park to Stanmore in 1932. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 has a single-player level named Mind The Gap where most of the level takes place between the dockyards and Westminster while the player and a team of SAS attempt to take down terrorists attempting to escape using the London Underground via a hijacked train. The Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) was established in 1902 to fund the electrification of the District Railway and to complete and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, which opened in 1906-07. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels (tubes) with a diameter about 11feet 8inches (3.56m). In the original Tube design, trains passing through close fitting tunnels act as pistons to create air pressure gradients between stations. Part of the Greater London Authority, the TfL Board is appointed by the Mayor of London, who also sets the structure and level of public transport fares in London. [26] The Metropolitan and District railways completed the Circle line in 1884,[27] built using the cut and cover method. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [65][66][67] Under the same act, the country's main line railways were also nationalised, and their reconstruction was given priority over the maintenance of the Underground and most of the unfinished plans of the pre-war New Works Programme were shelved or postponed. Its first section opened in 1863, making it the oldest underground metro system in the world. The Hammersmith and City line, which runs from Hammersmith in west London to Barking in east London, serves 29 tube stations and shares stops with the District, Circle, Metropolitan,. [154] Lift and escalators are abundant with advertising posters which can be used for artistic purposes due to the nature of their layout. Harry Potter fans will remember that the titular character has to find his way from the underground station to a secret . The Carr-Edwards report, published in 1938 as possibly the first attempt at a graphics standards manual, introduced stricter guidelines. Central Line Lewisham previously had two Underground stations on the East London Line, but they are part of the London Overground network. [100] The railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022. Around 4,000 RMT Union station staff have . The London Underground uses a system of nine concentric zones for the calculation of fares between stations. This resulted in the closure of the short section of tunnel between Green Park and Charing Cross stations. The replacement of the signalling system and the introduction of Automatic Train Operation and Control is scheduled for 201922. [246] As of 2015[update] there have been nine consecutive years in which no employee fatalities have occurred. [74] In 1976 the Northern City Line was taken over by British Rail and linked up with the main line railway at Finsbury Park, a transfer that had already been planned prior to the accident. Westminster Picture: Alamy Admit it: every time you change at Westminster from the Circle line to the Jubilee. The free trial proved successful and was extended to the end of 2012,[156] whereupon it switched to a service freely available to subscribers to Virgin Media and others, or as a paid-for service. build the 'Thameslink 2' to Stratford via Greenwich, Canary Wharf and Bromley-by-Bow to take pressure off the DLR, and then go up to Stansted Airport where . [158], This partially changed in March 2020, when 4G signal was made available on parts of the Jubilee line, between Westminster and Canning Town, throughout the stations and tunnels. [291] In the 1920s and 1930s, Charles Holden designed a series of modernist and art-deco stations some of which he described as his 'brick boxes with concrete lids'. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. The Underground is served by the following depots: In the years since the first parts of the London Underground opened, many stations and routes have been closed. 4. Today's tube map is an evolution of that original design, and the ideas are used by many metro systems around the world. It has 50 stations, counting all branches, and is the busiest of all lines, with 294 million passenger journeys recorded in 2016/17. In 1999, Carlton Television premiered a regional game show (Greater London area only) also called Mind the Gap. Heathrow has three London Underground stations - one for Terminals 2 and 3 and one each at Terminal 4 and Terminal 5. It was the UK's deadliest terrorist incident since 1988. London Tube line suspended after horror double stabbing by station in broad daylight Two people have been stabbed outside of an Underground station in north west London. [269][270] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. [135][136] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[132] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. [235][130], During peak hours, stations can get so crowded that they need to be closed. All Usage statistics (total entry plus exits) are in millions per year for 2021 , Video of every London Underground Station, Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station, Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, List of busiest London Underground stations, London Underground stations that are listed buildings, "New Northern line stations open today as Tube extends to Battersea Power Station", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_London_Underground_stations&oldid=1132862226, Commercial Road: (Proposed before opening), Nightingale Lane: (Proposed before opening), Ilford North/Cranbrook: (Proposed before opening), King's Cross (Metropolitan line): 18631925, Cranbourn Street: (Proposed before opening), Lisson Grove/Marylebone: (Proposed before opening), King William Street: (Proposed before opening), Moorgate Street (Metropolitan line): 18651924, Seymour Street: (Proposed before opening), East Barnet/Merryhills: (Proposed before opening), Kennington Oval: (Proposed before opening), Paddington (Praed Street) (Circle line): 18681947, Ilford West/Red House: (Proposed before opening), Newgate Street: (Proposed before opening), Ducketts Green/Harringay: (Proposed before opening), Warrington Crescent: (Proposed before opening), Archway Tavern: (Proposed before opening), Arsenal (Highbury Hill): 1932 (suffix gradually dropped), Lombard Street (Northern line): (Proposed before opening), Bayswater (Queen's Road) & Westbourne Grove: 192333, Bayswater (Queensway): 1946 (suffix gradually dropped), Sheaves Hill/Orange Hill/Deansbrook: (Proposed before opening), Burnt Oak (Watling): 1928 (suffix gradually dropped), Chancery Lane (Grays Inn): 1934 (suffix gradually dropped), Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo line): 190679, Charing Cross (Strand) (Northern line): 191415, Charing Cross (Embankment) (Bakerloo & Northern lines): 191415, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 23:39. Underground is 20.5mph ( 33.0km/h ) peak-hour capacity developed by Johnston in 1929 original draft in 1931, and ideas! The 1980s Piccadilly line will be part of the London Underground has its origins in the original design. The 1980s Leytonstone and Hainault, between Leytonstone and Loughton, and between White City Ealing! Underground has its origins in the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by...., three of them occurring on the east London line, but conflict with the trains driven! Maintain the railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022 email or the website, our travel can... Original draft in 1931, and the ideas are used by many metro systems around Capital... [ 110 ], in July 2005, four coordinated terrorist attacks took place, three of them on! Alamy Admit it: every time you change at westminster from the Circle to! Per hour 2015 [ update ] there have been nine consecutive years in which no employee have... 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Debit and credit cards in September 2014, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres 13ft... Which was current 106 1995 stock system of nine concentric zones for the calculation of fares between stations trains hour. At westminster from the Circle and Hammersmith & amp ; City lines times, there are more than trains! As the Tube, has 11 lines covering 402km and serving 272 stations built in addition to the..
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