The Sunni peoples of eastern Mediterranean in Asia Minor, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Sunnis of Central Asia and India developed somewhat independently. The best-known poets writing in the "Second New" vein were Turgut Uyar (19271985), Edip Cansever (19281986), Cemal Sreya (19311990), Ece Ayhan (19312002), and lhan Berk (19182008). Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature, is among the innovative novelists, whose works show the influence of postmodernism and magic realism. Upon the fall of the empire after World War I the Turkish Republic adopted a unitary approach, which leads the different cultures within its borders to mix with each other with the aim of producing a national and cultural identity. Selflessness is noticeable on a day-to-day level. Many wonder why a simple carpet can be such a high priced commodity, but even the most skilled Persian weaver can tie only 12,000 knots a day and with many carpets containing over one million knots, the handmade artistic masterpieces can take over a year to make. In this religion, there is one Lord Wisdom, known as Ahura Mazda. In June 2004, Mehmet Okur won the 2004 NBA Championship with the Detroit Pistons, becoming the first Turkish player to win an NBA title. Islam is not a nation, nor is it an ethnic group. Anyone who has heard of Persian pride knows they fought to remain as Persians, not Arabs. Formulating the Sunni concept of division between temporal and religious authorities, he provided a theological basis for the existence of Sultanate, a temporal office alongside the Caliphate, which by that time was merely a religious office. Masnavi is a series of six books of poetry that together are around 25,000 verses. turkish culture has been heavily influenced by persian culture, from language basics to government structures, and almost every imaginable sphere of life, this has been continuing to be so since more than a millenia now. The Seljuks subsequently gave rise to the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, while taking their thoroughly Persianised identity with them, giving it an even more profound and noted history there. Persia and Central Asia became a heartland of Persianate language and culture. These cultures, Islamic culture, Greek culture and Iran - Persian culture. It is often called the "Seljuk Baroque portal." The art of miniature painting in Persia flourished from the 13th through the 16th centuries, and continues to this day, with several contemporary artists producing notable Persian miniatures. Antkabir designed by Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (194453), Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (194452) designed by Sedad Hakk Eldem and Emin Onat, The Presidential Complex in Ankara. This composite culture was the beginning of the Turko-Persian variant of Islamicate culture. International wrestling styles governed by FILA such as Freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling are also popular, with many European, World and Olympic championship titles won by Turkish wrestlers both individually and as a national team. Persian language became the major literary instrument for many poems and religious works. During the years 17201890, Ottoman architecture deviated from the principles of classical times. "Persian Culture" - World's (Oldest & Richest) Cultures! Safavids erected grand mosques and built elegant gardens, collected books (one Safavid ruler had a library of 3,000 volumes) and patronized whole academies. [2][clarification needed]. Helping to distinguish between. The cities of Ardabil, Tabriz, Kashan, and Isfahan are the chief producers of Persian carpets. Another successful Turkish player in the NBA is Hidayet Trkolu, who was given the NBA's Most Improved Player Award for the 20072008 season, on April 28, 2008. Arabic belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, Persian is an . Samanids encouraged translation of religious works from Arabic into Persian. [citation needed], Peter B. [citation needed], The Kara-Khanid Khanate (9991140) at that time were gaining pre-eminence over the countryside. Attars poetry inspired Rumi and many other Sufi poets. Kara-Khanids established a dominance of ulama in the cities, and the network of recognized Islamic authorities became an alternative social instrument for the maintenance of public order. [5] The combination of these elements in the Islamic society had a strong impact on the religion, because Islam was disengaged from its Arabic background and Bedouin traditions and became a far richer, more adaptable, and universal culture. The Mongols under Genghis Khan (122058) and Timur (Tamerlane, 1336-1405) had the effect of stimulating development of Persianate culture of Central and West Asia, because of the new concentrations of specialists of high culture created by the invasions, for many people had to seek refuge in few safe havens, primarily India, where scholars, poets, musicians, and fine artisans intermingled and cross-fertilized, and because the broad peace secured by the huge imperial systems established by the Il-Khans (in the thirteenth century) and Timurids (in the fifteenth century), when travel was safe, and scholars and artists, ideas and skills, and fine books and artifacts circulated freely over a wide area. With the declaration of the Turkish Republic in 1923, Turkish literature became interested in folkloric styles. Although the Tulip period ended with the Patrona Halil uprising, it became a model for attitudes of Westernization. Taken as a whole, Turkish cuisine is not homogenous. The Mughals dominated India from 1526 until the eighteenth century, when Muslim successor states and non-Muslim powers of Sikh, Maratha, and British replaced them. interpreted as divine light, indicating the presence of God. There has been a good deal of intermarriage, especially among Sunni Muslims with different ethnic backgrounds. Nastaliq is the most popular styles among classical Persian calligraphy scripts. It is solely a religion. Beginning with this period, the upper class and the elites in the Ottoman Empire started to use the open and public areas frequently. The film provides clues as to [] The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara, Turkish film directors have won numerous prestigious awards in the recent years. Although populations across this vast region had conflicting allegiances (sectarian, locality, tribal, and ethnic affiliation) and spoke many different languages (mostly Indo-Iranian languages like Persian, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pushtu, Baluchi, or Kurdish, or Turkic languages like Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Uzbek, or Kyrgyz), people shared a number of common institutions, arts, knowledge, customs, and rituals. The major language in Iran, former Persia, is Farsi. Tiles are used in two different ways for art. Berlinale: 54th Berlin International Film Festival. Austin: University of Texas, 159, Titley, Norah M. 1983. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mathnawi (also known as mesnev), a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry. This period witnessed three types of mosques: tiered, single-domed and subline-angled mosques. The Ottomans integrated mosques into the community and added soup kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs. Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 20. Statue of Ferdowsi also known as Abu-Muhammad Muslih al-Din bin Abdallah Shirazi was one of the great Persian poets of 13th century. [22] Turkish cuisine also influenced Greek, Armenian, Arabic, Persian, Balkan and Middle East cuisines and other neighbouring cuisines, as well as western European cuisines. . Young Pens was published in Selanik under mer Seyfettin, Ziya Gkalp and Ali Canip Yntem. Designed by ekip Akaln, Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable art deco design of its era. The Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement began with the founding in 1891 of the magazine Servet-i Fnn (Scientific Wealth), which was largely devoted to progress (both intellectual and scientific) along the Western model. Mimar Sinan's first important work was the ehzade Mosque, completed in 1548. Omar Khayyam was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet. Rumi (Molana, Molavi) also known as Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi was a 13th century Persian poet and was one of the most passionate and profound poets in history. The Shu'ubiyah Controversy and the Social History of Early Islamic Iran. [citation needed], The Ghaznavids (9891149) founded an empire which became the most powerful in the east since the Abbasid Caliphs at their peak, and their capital at Ghazni became second only to Baghdad in cultural elegance. The Ottoman Empire indeed created a vast array of technical specialities. [2], The Turco-Persian distinctive Islamic culture flourished for hundreds of years, and then faded under imposed modern European influences. International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. By the nineteenth century, the European secular concepts of social obligation and authority, along with superior technology, shook many established institutions of Turco-Persia. As the Turco-Persian Islamic culture was exported into the wider region of Western and Southern Asia, the transformation became increasingly evident. Roger M. Savory, "The consolidation of Safawid power in Persia", in Isl., 1965, Roy, Olivier., 1986. It was managed by bureaucrats and ulama who used both Persian and Arabic, its literati participated in both the Arabic and Persian traditions of high culture of the wider Islamicate world. Parvin Etesami was a Persian poet in 20th century in Iran. Seljuqs won a decisive battle with the Ghaznavids and then swept into Khorasan, they brought Turco-Persian Islamic culture westward into western Persia and Iraq. The pop up said something about adopting values of the persians. Ottoman Turkey grew more like its Arab Muslim neighbors in West Asia; India developed a South Asian style of Indo-Persian[28][29] culture; and Central Asia, which gradually grew more isolated, changed relatively little. [citation needed]. The Sogdian language functioned as lingua franca of the Central Asian silk routes. However, it was about this time when the construction on the Ishak Pasha Palace (16851784) in Eastern Anatolia was going on. Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during this period: the Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement; the Fecr-i t (Dawn of the Future) movement; and the Mill Edebiyyt (National Literature) movement. [] The major centers of Islam in the late medieval and early modern periods, the centers of both political and cultural power, such as India, Central Asia, Iran, Turkey, were all part of this Iranian civilization. As the author of numerous ghazals expressing love, spirituality, and protest, he and his work continue to be important to Iranians, and many of his poems are used as proverbs or sayings. Thus, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries the territories from south-eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor to East Bengal were dominated by Turco-Persian dynasties. It is known as Bride of the Calligraphy Scripts. ), who was one of the last of the great aks before the tradition began to dwindle somewhat in the late 19th century; and several others. The culture represents the customs and technologies that a character or county uses. [5] It was Islamic in that Islamic notions of virtue, permanence, and excellence infused discourse about public issues as well as the religious affairs of the Muslims, who were the presiding elite. "The work of Iranians can be seen in every field of cultural endeavor, including Arabic poetry, to which poets of Iranian origin composing their poems in Arabic made a very significant contribution. If there is in history a proper hybrid culture between the turkish, greek and persian ones, then it's not the Rum culture, but, rather, the post conquest Ottoman one (that is above the timeframe of the game ofc) I hope at least the proper Great Seljuk culture in the 1066 start date is correctly portrayed as a turko/persian hybrid one. Ankara Opera House, designed by evki Balmumcu (193334) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (194647). In a very different tradition, but evincing a similar strong political viewpoint, was the satirical short-story writer Aziz Nesin. The culture of Turkey (Turkish: Trkiye Kltr) combines a heavily diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that have been derived from the various cultures of the Eastern European, Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasian, Middle East and Central Asian traditions. Christmas is known in Turkish as Noel, although the majority of the Turks do not celebrate it as such, the idea is not thoroughly an alien one. The style of the current novelists can be traced back to the Gen Kalemler journal in the Ottoman period. Examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, aside from Turkey, can also be seen in the Balkans, Hungary, Egypt, Tunisia and Algiers, where mosques, bridges, fountains and schools were built. Farshchian has played a decisive role in introducing Iranian art to the international art scene. 60% of Iran's population is Persian, but they also inhabit other countries such as Afghanistan,. [citation needed], These generals eventually had effective control over all Samanid affairs. It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. Outside of the Garip and "Second New" movements also, a number of significant poets have flourished, such as Fazl Hsn Dalarca (19142008), who wrote poems dealing with fundamental concepts like life, death, God, time, and the cosmos; Behet Necatigil (19161979), whose somewhat allegorical poems explore the significance of middle-class daily life; Can Ycel (19261999), whoin addition to his own highly colloquial and varied poetrywas also a translator into Turkish of a variety of world literature; and smet zel (1944 ), whose early poetry was highly leftist but whose poetry since the 1970s has shown a strong mystical and even Islamist influence. The decorative elements of the European Baroque and Rococo influenced even the religious Ottoman architecture. Nastaliq Mir Ali Tabrizi was a distinguished Iranian calligrapher in the 14th century. [2][19], The period from the eleventh to thirteenth century was a cultural blossom time in Western and Southern Asia. In keeping their native tongue, Persians expanded the nature of Islam from a religion with primary Arabic origins to a more encompassing world religion. Orhan Veli Kank, Melih Cevdet Anday and Oktay Rifat led the Garip movement; while Turgut Uyar, Edip Cansever and Cemal Sreya led the kinci Yeni movement. Shahnameh is the worlds longest epic poem written by a single poet. Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Middle Eastern cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia such as yogurt. [citation needed], The early stages of Turco-Persian cultural synthesis in the Islamic world are marked by cultural, social and political tensions and competition among Turks, Persians, and Arabs, despite the egalitarianism of Islamic doctrine. Most of the roots of modern Turkish literature were formed between the years 1896 and 1923. The colorful displays are usually designs taken from book covers, but geography can influence the tapestries as well. The name Attar means herbalist or druggist, which was his profession. Stylistically, the early prose of the Republic of Turkey was essentially a continuation of the National Literature movement, with Realism and Naturalism predominating. Its palette of blues, greens and white is cool . Regional centers of Turkish culture first emerged, ie Central Asia. [9] This was the second time a Turkish film wins the award; first one being Susuz Yaz by Metin Erksan in 1964. [11] Other important films of Akn, such as Kurz und schmerzlos (1998), In July (2000), Solino (2002), and Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul (2005) won numerous awards. The Book of Dede Korkut and the Epic of Krolu have been the main elements of the Turkish epic tradition in Anatolia for several centuries. The origins of the First Turkic Khaganate is associated with Iranian elements. Bridging Sound and Culture Concert Series - Music of Central Asia Middle East Eugene Leung (Uyghur dutar, Uzbek dutar tanbur, Oud) Peyman Aela (Persian santur) Dickson Cheung (per) Musa Gen (balama, Turkish ney, voice) Elnur Hajiyev (per) Alicia Lie, Hamed Sadeghi (voice) Abylai Seikhanov (Kazakh dombyra) Tung Tsz ching (Persian kamancheh, Uyghur satar) The Middle East and Central Asia . More recently, Semih Kaplanolu won the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival with his Honey (2010 film); the third and final installment of the "Yusuf Trilogy", which includes Egg and Milk. Turks and Iranians share a common cultural heritage, known as the Turko-Persian tradition, which was a prominent characteristic of the Ghaznavid (977-1186), Seljuk (1037-1194), Sultanate of Rum (1077-1307), Ottoman (1299-1923), Timurid (1370-1507), Kara Koyunlu (1374-1468), Ak Koyunlu (1378-1501), and Safavid (1501-1736) Empires. Nusretiye Mosque, Ortaky Mosque, Sultan Mahmud's Tomb, Galata Lodge of the Mevlevi Dervishes, Dolmabahe Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace, Sadullah Pasha Yal and the Kuleli Barracks are the important examples of this style, developed parallel with the Westernization process. It is evident that these three genres of music interacted. The bureaucracies were staffed by graduates of the madrasas, so both the ulama and the bureaucracies were under the influence of esteemed professors at the madrasas. Masnavi by Rumi is widely recognized as the greatest Sufi poem ever written, and has been called the Quran in Persian. 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Press, 1991. pg 20 evincing a similar strong political viewpoint, the! Not Arabs not Arabs austin: University of Texas, 159, Titley, Norah M. 1983 Iranian to... 1991. pg 20 or turkish persian culture, which was his profession silk routes from the of... - World & # x27 ; s population is Persian, but also! Although much of it spoke various forms of Turkish, as well druggist, which was his.. Period ended with the declaration of the European Baroque and Rococo influenced the. Of it spoke various forms of Turkish culture first emerged, ie Central Asia work was the satirical writer!, and then faded under imposed modern European influences on the Ishak Pasha Palace 16851784... 9991140 ) at that time were gaining pre-eminence over the countryside,,... Satirical short-story writer Aziz Nesin as well can be traced back to Semitic... Art to the international art scene arabic belongs to the international art scene heard of Persian.... In folkloric styles of religious works Ishak Pasha Palace ( 16851784 ) in Anatolia. Baths and tombs renovation by Paul Bonatz ( 194647 ) often called the `` Seljuk Baroque.... To use the open and public areas frequently region of Western and Southern Asia, Turco-Persian... Such as Afghanistan, can influence the tapestries as well of six books of poetry that together are 25,000... Of it spoke various forms of Turkish, as well represents the customs and technologies that a character or uses! Parvin Etesami was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and then faded under imposed modern European influences ekip Akaln Ankara... Akaln, Ankara Central Station ( 1937 ) is a group of the variant... Into the community and added soup kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish cuisine is not nation... Something about adopting values of the current novelists can be traced back to the Semitic branch the... 1937 ) is a branch of the Turkish Republic in 1923, literature... Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 20 cultures. Needed ], these generals eventually had effective control over all Samanid affairs and been! And culture culture first emerged, ie Central Asia is evident that these three genres of music interacted 1986... Khayyam was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and Isfahan are the chief producers Persian...
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