Lead a diverse and talented team to protect our people, assets and operations in the Americas region. In June the Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision confirming that the exercise of the right to strike suspends the processing of collective conflicts of an economic nature that may be pending before the court and the topics that they present, unless the workers express in writing their agreement to submit the conflict to the decision of the court. Gomez had advocated against illegal logging and the destruction of the Michoacan monarch butterfly habitat. Rape and Domestic Violence: Federal law criminalizes the rape of men and women, including spousal rape, and conviction carries penalties of up to 20 years' imprisonment. The 911 hotline received 139,554 calls reporting incidents of violence against women from January to June, an increase of 6 percent over the same months in 2020. Participation of Women and Members of Minority Groups: No laws limit the participation of women or members of minority groups in the political process, and they did participate. The CNDH may call on government authorities to impose administrative sanctions or pursue criminal charges against officials, but it is not authorized to impose penalties or legal sanctions. According to data from the Mexican Social Security Institute, in 2020 there were approximately 278,000 workplace accidents, resulting in 666 deaths. Between September 2020 and June, the STPS reported conducting labor inspections in 22,350 work centers nationwide benefiting more than three million workers. This mass displacement elevated the groups risk of malnutrition and health maladies. Indigenous persons in isolated regions reported incidents of forced labor in which cartel members forced them to perform illicit activities or face death. In June a federal judge sentenced Juan Francisco Picos Barrueto to 32 years in prison for the 2017 murder of journalist Javier Valdez Cardenas. Workers, the employer, or an interested third party may request the CAB or court rule on the legality of the strike, which may find the strike is nonexistent and therefore illegal. State preventive police report to state governors, while municipal police report to mayors. Investigations continued into the 2014 disappearances of 43 students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers College in Iguala, Guerrero. Reports indicated that women suffered disproportionately from pretrial detention. The National Migration Institute, under the authority of the Interior Secretariat, is responsible for enforcing migration law. International Child Abductions: The country is party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. In October and November, I spent several . Between January and August the CNDH recorded 123 complaints of arbitrary detention. Security experts said government candidate protection programs, which did not cover all those eligible, had a negligible impact on curbing political violence. Investigations, prosecutions, and convictions for the crime of forced disappearance were rare. Government officials stated that the harassment of Catholic priests and evangelical Protestant pastors reflected high levels of generalized violence throughout the country and not targeted attacks based on religious faith. The government did not effectively enforce the law or regulations. The reforms prevent the registration of collective bargaining agreements known as protection contracts, which nonrepresentative unions often negotiated and signed without the knowledge of workers and undermined genuine collective bargaining. with disabilities attended school at a lower rate than those without disabilities. . In July an arrangement was reached on a course of remediation, which included a new collective bargaining agreement legitimization vote under the supervision of the STPS, with observers from the National Electoral Institute and the International Labor Organization. Inspectors generally were permitted to examine the informal sector only in response to complaints. The government was reasonably effective in enforcing child labor laws in large and medium-sized companies, especially in the export-oriented factory (maquiladora) sector and other industries under federal jurisdiction. INEGI reported in 2017 that 23 percent of working women experienced violence in the workplace within the past 12 months and that 6 percent experienced sexual violence. As a result, it was left to families to . Jewish community representatives reported good cooperation with the government and other religious and civil society organizations in addressing rare instances of such acts. A Mexico City municipal law provides increased penalties for hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The 45,000-person Jewish community experienced low levels of anti-Semitism. Journalists in Iguala, Guerrero, received anonymous messages through social networks, such as Facebook and WhatsApp, threatening them and their families, according to civil society. In Baja California Sur, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, and Yucatan, the crimes of defamation and libel are prosecuted, with penalties ranging from three days to five years in prison and fines for committing defamation or slander, both considered crimes against honor. Slander is punishable under the criminal laws of the states of Campeche, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Yucatan, and Zacatecas, with sentences ranging from three months to six years in prison and fines. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) 2016 survey, 18 percent of women ages 15 and older reported having experienced physical violence at the hands of their current or most recent partner, and 6.5 percent reported having experienced sexual violence. The Catholic Multimedia Center reported that criminal groups harassed priests and other religious leaders in some parts of the country and subjected them to extortion, death threats, and intimidation. As of October the accused were in a military prison awaiting trial. In addition to a more impartial and streamlined judicial process for labor disputes, the reforms transfer the registration of unions and collective bargaining agreements from the CABs to a new independent Federal Conciliation and Labor Registration Center. Add data for Mexico City. Violence and Harassment: Journalists were killed or subjected to physical and cyberattacks, harassment, and intimidation (especially by state agents and transnational criminal organizations) in response to their reporting. As of August 27, the suspects were awaiting trial. In its data collection, the government often merged statistics on forcibly disappeared persons with missing persons not suspected of being victims of forced disappearance, making it difficult to compile accurate statistics on the extent of the problem. Also in June a federal judge sentenced the former mayor of Chinipas, Chihuahua, Hugo Amed Schultz Alcaraz, to eight years in prison for his role in the 2017 murder of Miroslava Breach, a prominent La Jornada newspaper correspondent who reported on organized crime and corruption. Observers from grassroots labor rights groups, international NGOs, and multinational apparel brands reported that employers in export-oriented supply chains increasingly used hiring methods that lessened job security. The government, in conjunction with international organizations, made efforts to promote the safe, voluntary return, resettlement, or local integration of IDPs. The law prohibits children younger than age 15 from working and allows those ages 15 to 17 to work no more than six daytime hours in nonhazardous conditions daily, and only with parental permission and permission from the labor authority. Organized criminal groups dominated migrant smuggling operations and often kidnapped, threatened, and extorted migrants to pay a fee for facilitating northbound travel. See state summaries and advisory levels below for information on your specific travel destination. Although the constitution and law provide for an independent judiciary, court decisions were susceptible to improper influence by both private and public entities, particularly at the state and local level, as well as by transnational criminal organizations. Defendants have the right to an attorney of their choice at all stages of criminal proceedings. Calls included reports of relationship aggression, sexual assault, sexual harassment, rape, and intrafamily violence. The most common reason to remove content was defamation, followed by privacy and security. In rural areas in 2019, the cause of most maternal deaths was obstetric hemorrhage. Some detainees complained of a lack of access to family members and to counsel after police held persons incommunicado for several days and made arrests arbitrarily without a warrant. Sanchez was a reporter for Facebook-based Panorama Pacifico and was in the protection mechanism after suffering an attempt on his life in July 2020. In January 2020, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a report on Guatemala, referring . The Director of DSS serves as the council . Aggregate 360 score of 2.59, leadership index at 74, and eNPS of 70 demonstrate his . Mexico is a multiparty federal republic with an elected president and bicameral legislature. The Federal Center and the new federal labor courts are designed to handle all matters related to collective bargaining agreements, but until the Federal Center establishes its offices in all the states, labor disputes in states without a Federal Center presence are to be handled by the CABs. The law establishes a requirement to observe parity in the designation of public officials at every level (federal, state, local) in all three branches of government. The procedure known in Spanish as arraigo (a constitutionally permitted form of pretrial detention employed during the investigative phase of a criminal case before probable cause is fully established) allows, with a judges approval, for certain suspects to be detained prior to filing formal charges. According to the U.N., the murder rate is 4.6 per 100,000 people, which is one of the lowest in the Caribbean and South America. Authorities accused the suspects of smuggling 20 to 80 migrants per day through Baja California into the United States for more than a decade. The government increased efforts to target human smuggling organizations. Child protection authorities lacked sufficient capacity to shelter and process migrant children and families, and the government made modest headway to increase that capacity. Tweets disseminated their identities and their media outlets and also made veiled threats. The INE sanctioned 107 persons for gender-based political violence. Police occasionally failed to provide impoverished detainees access to counsel during arrests and investigations as provided for by law, although the right to public defense during trial was generally respected. All states have additional laws against discrimination. A report from the Black Alliance for Just Immigration found black migrants faced widespread racial discrimination from individuals and authorities, particularly in accessing employment and services. As a result the number of pretrial detainees increased 25 percent since 2018, and pretrial detainees comprised 40 percent of all prisoners, according to government figures. Nevertheless, only 2 percent of schoolteachers in the country were trained to teach children with disabilities, according to the civil society organization Yo Tambien. As of July the CNB reported that there were 89,572 missing or disappeared persons in the country. Wage and Hour Laws: The tripartite National Minimum Wage Commission is responsible for establishing minimum salaries. All states prohibit marriage of persons younger than age 18. According to National Security Secretariat statistics, between January and June, state-level prosecutors and attorneys general opened 495 femicide investigations throughout the country, exceeding the 477 state-level femicide investigations opened in the first half of 2020 (statistics from state-level reports often conflated femicides with all killings of women). Be mindful of Cuban laws and regulations during your stay. Authorities declared 10 political parties eligible to participate in the midterm elections. Birth Registration: Children derive citizenship both by birth within the countrys territory and from their parents. The most common aggressions were intimidation and harassment, followed by threats and physical attacks, according to civil society groups. Although the law requires entities recruiting for overseas employment to register with the STPS, there is no enforcement mechanism, and only a handful of recruiters complied. In March attackers shot and killed Father Gumersindo Cortes in Guanajuato. Barriers to accessing contraceptives stemmed from lack of knowledge, poverty, lack of access to health services, and sexual violence from family members, strangers, or friends. The year 2020 had the second-highest number of cases on record, with 8,626 reported missing or disappeared, down from 9,185 cases reported in 2019. Various news outlets showed a video of two National Migration Institute agents with riot gear and shields grabbing one migrant, knocking him to the ground, and kicking him. The 10 most dangerous cities in the world mapped. We do know that Cuba has relatively few guns, and violent crime is fairly uncommon. October 2021. Some public officials blocked critical journalists and media from following their social media accounts. requires a written warrant of arrest except in cases where an individual is caught in the act of committing a crime. An opinion poll in April 2019 showed more than 70 percent of the population supporting the CICIG. According to advocacy groups, no information was available concerning the criteria through which the government chooses media outlets for public advertising. The reforms establish a four-year timeline for implementation designed to end May 1, 2023, but the government established an accelerated timeline to complete implementation by May 2022 and remained on track to meet that goal. Federal law provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights. Federal law prohibits domestic violence and stipulates penalties for conviction of between six months and four years imprisonment. Access to Asylum: Federal law provides for granting asylum, refugee status, or complementary protection to those fleeing persecution or facing possible threats to their life, security, or liberty in their country of origin; this right was generally respected. Local commentators pointed to the electoral authorities quick and transparent publishing of results as increasing citizen trust in the electoral and democratic system. There were reports the government did not always investigate and punish those complicit in abuses against LGBTQI+ persons, especially outside Mexico City. Political Parties and Political Participation: For the electoral process, the National Electoral Institute (INE) established the Three Out of Three Against Violence initiative, which required candidates to declare any history of domestic violence, sexual offenses, or failure to pay alimony. As of August 23, Marin was awaiting trial. Mexico is safer than many cities in the U.S. More than 150,000 Americans safely visit Mexico every day. As of August, 25 of 32 states had specialized prosecutors offices for investigating torture, or specialized investigative units within the state attorney generals office as called for by law. Civil society groups reported families living in inhuman conditions, with inadequate and cramped housing, no access to clean water or bathrooms, insufficient food, and without medical care. According to the Mexican Social Security Institute, as a result of the law 2.7 million workers of the 4.6 million subcontractors moved from formal subcontracting status to a formal direct employment status. Children also produced garments, leather goods, and illicit crops such as opium poppies; engaged in illicit activities such as the production and trafficking of drugs; and experienced sexual exploitation, often as a result of human trafficking. To receive government recognition, unions and their leaders must file for registration with the Federal Center. By law attorneys are required to meet professional qualifications to represent a defendant. The CNDH noted significant understaffing at all levels in federal prisons, which affected access to programs, activities, medical services, and opportunities to report possible human rights abuses. With no access to schools or child care, many workers took their children to work in the fields. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. The situation of agricultural workers remained particularly precarious, with similar patterns of exploitation throughout the sector. During the first six months of 2021 the INEGI reported a total 16,972 (provisional) and the . Online discrimination, harassment, and threats were problems particularly for women journalists and politicians, as well as any individuals and organizations advocating for womens rights. As of August 16, authorities had not arrested any suspects. Ramos had been searching for her missing husband for the previous seven months as a member of two search collectives. Reproductive Rights: There were no confirmed reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization on the part of government authorities. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence, a. Libel/Slander Laws: There are no federal criminal laws against defamation, libel, or slander; however, eight states have criminal laws on these acts. Organized criminal groups were implicated in numerous killings, acting with impunity and at times in collusion with corrupt federal, state, local, and security officials. Office of the U.S. Additionally, some indigenous students did not receive the breakfasts and lunches normally included in the full-time school meal program, according to a UNESCO study. The National Population Council estimated that in 2020 and 2021, a total of 1,172,000 women had limited access to contraceptives due to COVID-19. He was a member of a search collective and the state search commission. In 2019, OSAC gave Mexico a level 2 rating ,. Disappearances remained a persistent problem throughout the country, especially in areas with high levels of cartel or gang-related violence. In many parts of the country, human smuggling organizations wielded significant power, and media alleged frequent collusion among local authorities. Federal law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of his or her arrest or detention in court; however, the government sometimes failed to observe these requirements. Civil society organizations, however, reported that the number of labor inspections was not sufficient to secure compliance. Federal authorities supported access to contraceptive methods, but states efforts varied widely. The third and fourth stages will be complete in 2021, extending the tramline to the Luxembourg Airport, the Luxembourg train station, and the neighborhood of Cloche d'Or. In April authorities arrested 30 members of the navy and charged them with forced disappearances in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, in 2018. According to civil society, the protections the mechanism provided after the attempt to his life were lacking. Reconsider travel to Costa Rica due to COVID-19.Exercise increased caution in Costa Rica due to crime.. Read the Department of State's COVID-19 page before you plan any international travel.. Mexico Rates of crime rapidly began to increase during the presidency of Hugo Chvez due . 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