I want to save you the embarrassment of standing before God having led others astray. Because Im 9. You who bring good tidings, Maybe you should have explained that, out of those manuscripts he consulted, he selected 7-8 fit enough to produce his text. You might think this based on empirical/research grounds, not on a confession of faith. The too lively satisfaction which I had displayed. 21. (Source for this quote is: Homer: The Origins and the Transmission, by Thomas W. Allen), 22. The Muslims destroyed Biblical manuscripts as a matter of course, meaning very few manuscripts survived from the regions they controlled. The remainder dont impact major doctrines, and certainly nothing concerned with salvation or the Gospel. He worked for the University of Toronto from 1951 until his retirement in 1984. The words are in English. And thats not all the singular readings. . God didnt write multiple Bibles did He? You can read the full list here, but it contains the actual Greek variations so youll need to know Greek to read it. Many claim it was found in the trash while other claim it was carefully preserved by monks. Also, if you want to look up Greek or Hebrew words words, I highly recommend the interlinear bible on biblehub.com. Now I will arise, says the LORD; I will set him in the safety for which he longs.. Now consider the mass of evidenceagainstthe concept of tenacity:the hundreds of singular readings that appears in ancient manuscripts, but of which there is no trace in later manuscripts. What Textual Variants? Fair enough on the first one. Each textual family (or text type) tends to contain similar readings to other manuscripts in its family, but the readings are different from the readings of other textual families. Its commonly referred to as the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece after the two most significant contributors. This is also recorded in Mark 13:31 and Luke 21:33, but well look at the Matthew version because its more commonly cited. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. That does not bother me even a little. Despite the numerous Textual Variants between them, theres an interesting theory about their origin. It depends on God and His Word. This is based on the assumption that scribes will chose to copy good manuscripts over bad ones, and thus better readings will be in the majority over time. The fact that the Byzantine Text type dominates the manuscript copies is proof of disproportionate copying. The fact of the matter is that the Critical Text of Westcott-Hort differs from the TR, mostly by deletions, in 9,970 words out of 140,521, giving a total of 7% difference. Jesus Himself said it was fulfilled when he said It is finished on the cross. Thats makes the Confessional Position interesting, but ultimately not rooted and grounded in scripture. Does it matter much if Paul wrote a owl vs an owl? The following is regarding the Alexandrian text type manuscripts. can never be the sole basis for a critical decision, especially when they stand in opposition to the external evidence. The fact that they share a unique characteristic makes it more likely they came from the same general area. As most of the 5700 manuscripts are the type that was used in the King James/New King James, which sometimes uses renderings not found in the Greek manuscripts, especially in Revelation, where the Latin Vulgate Bible was copied and translated into Greek and used in the KJV and the NKJV did not correct it. He also checked these manuscripts for particular readings, or readings that are found ONLY in that manuscript. The Masoretic Text, Septuagint, Vulgate, & Textus Receptus. I will devote no more space to it in this article because I dont think it relevant, and only mentioned it for completeness. {Often used with other particles prefixed}[a primary particle]KJV: and besides, doubtless, at least, yet G1093 ge (ee') n.1. Not only do Homers works have more manuscript evidence available than any other piece of classical literature (though far less than that available for the NT), but Homer also is represented by MSS from a wide chronological and geographical range, from the early papyri through the uncials and Byzantine-era minuscules. The Confessional Position is the exact opposite. Get the free IP.Board App for iPhone now! I just dont believe you have come to true conclusions. (The text was essentially unchanged in the intervening 26thedition, which had essentially the same text as the third edition of the UBSGreek New Testament.) I think if you want to be a textual critic. The two relevant excerpts are below. And I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him. Ecclesiastes 3:14. So what we have are copies of copies of the original (sometimes many generations of copying deep). The oldest more or less complete Septuagint manuscripts are Codex Vaticanus (4th century AD) and Codex Alexandrinus (5th century AD). Now that we know what Greek text the Confessional Position uses, lets take a closer look at the various scriptural passages they use to support the doctrine of Preservation (which says God kept His Scriptures pure in all ages). ----- SEPTUAGINT ALXX (Old Testament) + TR (New Testament) Accented + Strongs Numbers + Transliteration (Charles Loder Method). It has been preserved for all time (I Peter 1:23; Psalm 12:6-7; Ps. The Greek word thats translated pass is (parerchomai). However, you must uncheck four boxes in the AutoCorrect option on the Tools menu in Word 97+. However, it is also important to consider the nature of those differences. The KJV is a translation of an edition of the Greek New Testament text called the Textus Receptus. Youre welcome, and Im glad it blessed you. It would likely end up looking like an Alexandrian/Byzantine hybrid. This is also the text that agrees with more than 95% of the Bible Manuscripts in Koine (common) Greek. However, that website simply doesnt know the history of the KJV. (It is only by Gods grace that you have been saved!) The problem was Westcott & Horts application of the theory. There remains a persistent bias against the Byzantine Text type in Reasoned Eclecticism/Critical Text advocates. The manuscript is believed to have been housed in Caesarea in the 6th century, together with theCodex Sinaiticus, as they have the same unique divisions of chapters in Acts. While the name was originally only applied to the 1633 printing of Elzevirs Greek text, it eventually came to include all of them. The Greek word epi when used with the genitive as in ts kephal means over or upon. The HCSB has essentially been replaced by the CSB. Died at Toronto. Novum Testamentum Graece is a critical edition of the New Testament in its original Koine Greek, forming the basis of most modern Bible translations. The Bible: 66 books vs 73 and Why (the Apocrypha Explained), Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf, You can read Tischendorfs entire account of finding it in his own words here. (Note: there are some who are near militant on the importance of the Confessional Position. Every other modern translation Im aware of including the NASB uses the Masoretic text also. (Like the Johannine Comma, which the Majority text doesnt include). Its easy to explain these variants when you see how these words are spelled in the Greek, so here are the first three words of the verse in each Textual Variant: Context tells us that npioi (little children) cant be intended, and since the previous word begins with n, its easy to see how the mistake was made (doubling the n). Typically, these variants are found only in a single manuscript, or in a small group of manuscripts from one small part of the world. And His arm shall rule for Him; Verse 5 references the woman who did and does shave her head., which is almost certainly referring to the women on the Isle of Lesbos nearby, who shaved their heads to indicate they wouldnt be under male authority. In the end, the entire Confessional Position can be boiled down to a single question: This is the issue for the Confessional Position. For the vision is yet for a time, and it shall shoot forth at the end, and not in vain: though he should tarry, wait for him; for he will surely come, and will not tarry. These are Textual Variants which have no effect on anything. Lets go through it one chunk at a time. Westcott & Hort thought the Byzantine text family resulted from some scribes combining the other two text types to try and get closer to the original document (much like they were doing). Lets say that the five original copies each had five copies made of them, all made by faithful scribes. So just to make sure Im understanding you correctly it sounds like youre saying its reasonable to ignore whether a word is singular or plural when exegeting the scriptures? Apparently, the note-writer regarded Codex Vaticanus as a museum-piece to be protected and preserved, rather than as a copy of Scripture to be used as such. There were already ten major periods of persecution of Christians before Nicea: One of the most ruthless of these persecutions was that of Diocletian in the early 4th century. You might say, But that wouldnt happen.. I dont know what to tell you to change your mind. The Confessional Position maintains that God must have perfectly preserved the Bible pure in all ages. It is her own head that she carries on her shoulders. When he finished he had produced an edition of the Greek New Testament which more closely underlies the text of the AV than any one edition of the Textus Receptus. He also says that it uses a different Old Testament text than the KJV. Notice too, that in Homer the shorter Alexandrian text type was regarded to be the result of scholarly revision. Before Gutenberg invented the printing press in the early-mid 1400s, everything was copied by hand. The article was excellent and I appreciate the effort you put into compiling the information. Probably the most balanced view of the Vaticanus scribe is found in the quote below, in an article published to respond to someone claiming the Vaticanus Scribe made very few errors. Lately, Ive been looking to getting a new Bible anyway because Ive somewhat grown out of my NIV Bible, but Ive been going back and forth trying to figure out if the KJV only idea is legit. Yeah, thats a lot; so heres a picture to make sense of it. The NEB is an extremely loose paraphrase; even the NIV looks better from the little looking that I did. This should warn us to beware of novel theories broached by Bengel and to examine with more than normal diligence statements made by him in support of such theories. If every word is important, does it not make sense that God would preserve all of His words so that we might nourished and strengthened? You must log in or register to reply here. He proposed an approach which he calls Equitable Eclecticism which he explained in two articles. Greek Septuagint and the Textus Receptus : Hebrew Masoretic JohnB445 Jan 21, 2019 Jump to latest Follow Reply Prev 1 2 3 4 5 Next Sort by date Sort by votes Radagast comes and goes Supporter Dec 10, 2003 23,824 9,809 266,687.00 Country Australia Faith Christian Marital Status Single Jan 28, 2019 #61 Calminian said: Not familiar this this one. While as, in the rest of the New Testament, it is largely Alexandrian. 6 The voice said, Cry out! Later it was taken over by his son, and eventually by Kurt Aland and his wife, along with others. Ive really enjoyed it and Ive learned a lot! 17 Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. Whenever a woman puts on the head covering she is proclaiming a message to the angels. Also, I agree 100% about computers and mobile devices. I have been studying this subject for about 5 years and I have landed more or less where you have i.e., the M-text is a good starting point plus some thoughtful changes taking into account all the available data, such as the patristic quotations and the older translations. Again, this is a stretch but well deal with it. This disproportionate copying could be a good thing, as we saw in the section on whether scribes copied better manuscripts. One of the major arguments against the Majority Text by those who prefer the Critical text is the accusation that scribes added the extra content. As I said before, I believe languages change over time, and therefore so will the text of Scripture, as demonstrated by our Lords quoting of the OT Scriptures. Thanks again, giving honor where honor is due. The translations into other languages are called versions, and Dan Wallace said this: Second, the extant versional manuscripts are virtually triple the extant Greek manuscripts in number (i.e., there are about 15,000 versional manuscripts). It may not display this or other websites correctly. Bless you for all of your hard work, many Christians are highly caught up in fear of being misled by the written word. So the Majority Text changes very significantly when you include just the other versional manuscripts. He did but question, and who shall give a blow for a question? http://www.westernrecorder.org/825.article. The 1% argument almost makes it seem not to matter between the TR and Alexandrian-focused textual lines but maybe that only applies to the NASB 1995 for reasons you indicated in the other article? You say, The practice of Textual Criticism is not criticizing the Bible, its trying to recover the Bibles original text. Textual Variants that are Meaningful and Viable, New Testament Textual Families or Text Types, The Critical Text Theory, aka Reasoned Eclecticism, The Rules of Textual Criticism According to Reasoned Eclecticism. (Majority Text advocates disagree, but well look at their objection later.) Im planning to get an LSB when it comes out, and I too am looking forward to it. James Snapp Jr. wrote a rebuttal to Wallaces article in four parts. (though again Im biased) I think the contradiction is clear, and the WEB Bible completely flipped this verse upside down seemingly on purpose, because theres absolutely no justification whatsoever in Greek for their over her own head translation. The WEBs over her own head makes it sound like the woman must listen to no one but herself because she is under her own authority. The longer form of the Homeric text is characterized by popular expansion and scribal improvement; the NT Western text generally is considered the uncontrolled popular text of the second century with similar characteristics. We must receive the Gospel message under the gracious influence of the Holy Spirit which brings the faith that gives Salvation. I perceived in the middle of the great hall a large and widebasket full of old parchments, But I could not get them to yield up possession of the remainder. And further, the rules only have a few small differences from the typical Critical Text rules. So if you hold to the Majority Text theory, youll needed to decide if youll only include Greek manuscripts. The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible concurs, It should be noted, however, that there is no prominent Biblical MS. in which there occur suchgross cases of misspelling,faulty grammar, andomission, as in B [Vaticanus].. I am very thankful to have found your work. 3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness: The Elzevirs might have thought it was without error (doubtful) but remember that all marketing is subject to hyperbole. This is so helpful. Please explain to your readers the import of the perfect tense used here. I believe it should be very highly in my humble opinion. (Side note: Ive spent some time in the marketing world in my life. Im more than happy to discuss the story, but please comment on that article to keep things on topic (as Ive already requested). There is a big debate over which line of manuscripts the Apostles used. 2 For his merciful kindness is great toward us: and the truth of the LORD endureth for ever. This is a wonderful article and I enjoyed reading it as much as anything Ive read in the last year or so. Born in Baldwin, Wisconsin. The primary Greek source for the King James Version was the 1598 version of Theodore Bezas Greek New Testament. Since the KJV had plural, the 1984 TR has the plural. Im truly awed that someone created a single sentence for marketing that has echoed through the centuries. Theres no scriptural basis for the idea whatsoever, and so asserting it dogmatically is a very bad idea. It doesnt mean they will enter the majority, but its a possibility. There is one man who has proposed another model I find agreeable, and I confess I got many of my ideas from him. Not perfect by any stretch and it definitely has mistakes, but very good overall. This New Testament is the King James Version which I have revised to reflect the Patriarchal Text. Or does the Majority Text argument also posit that in spite of ALL these obstacles, the copies of the majority MSS made throughout history were so ubiquitous that they overwhelm all of these odds? Ive had an NIV Bible for a long time and stumbled across some KJV only preachers on youtube who challenged my translation. Regardless of the third quotation they bring up, why is it ridiculous if thats what Erasmus explicitly stated he did, and included this statement in his annotations, and gave the reason why he included it in his annotations? First, it is not possible and you provide no possible logic to support such. The Textus Receptus: the "received text", Erasmus in the 15th Century AD, compiled the New Testament from Greek manuscripts (not using the Latin) utilizing as his main source the Byzantine Family of Greek texts which are later Greek texts from 5th to 12th C, but Erasmus only used 6 Byzantine texts from the 12th Century. REV. I like the no copyright, but I wouldnt quote it or use it. Fixed, thank you for pointing that out. Did that disprove the promise of preservation? (I misread two years somewhere). The critical te. Royse provides a chart which conveys that Papyrus 45 has 222 significant singular readings; Papyrus 46 has 471 significant singular readings; Papyrus 47 has 51 significant singular readings; Papyrus 66 has 107 significant singular readings; Papyrus 72 has 98 significant singular readings; Papyrus 75 has 119 significant singular readings. Second, Im hoping to steer the discussion on biblical text somewhat in the direction of not completely dismissing the Byzantine text out of hand. It makes sense, but that doesnt mean its what happened. I believe the Verbatim Identicality position was an unfortunate overreach in response to text critics in the late 1800s. However, that not necessarily the case. Textus Receptus (TR) The Textus Receptus (latin, "Received Text") is the Greek text originally compiled by Erasmus around 1516. Westcott & Hort believed the Byzantine text type was a combination of the Alexandrian and Western text types. [See HortsIntroduction, page286, 373.]. The case of using the Dead Sea Scrolls to modify the Masoretic text is no different. Many times Jesus said, It is written. Meanwhile, North Africa and the East were conquered by Muslims. The assumption is that each manuscript was copied a relatively equal number of times. , , , , , . Comments made on Psalm 12:7 are either intentionally or mistakenly deceptive and misleading. The Textus Receptus, In fact, the most common type of Textual Variant is spelling differences, often a single letter, Combined with the ones that arent meaningful, you have. The Analytic Septuagint was derived from the LXXM sychronized to the KJV with the Greek root words translated into Greek Strongs numbers whenever possible. If you backup to the first 500 years of the Church, the Byzantine Text type is in the clear minority of the manuscripts weve found. Textus Receptus means "Received Text" and refers to the published Greek New Testament text that was used as the basis for Bible translations in the Reformation period. Accessed March 26, 2011, 3. Its major weakness is outright dismissal of certain readings (without evidence), and that its based on essentially only two manuscripts of dubious quality. I am exposing what a textual critic, like you, really believes. (Dont ask how much re-writing that took.). And the man who found Codex Sinaiticus (Tischendorf) considered it the greatest find of his life, but still said: So, is there a Scribal preference to add rather than subtract? 7 The grass withers, the flower fades, So instead of creating a new popular reading, theyre more likely to create several unique readings and even these are in a small minority. ), It is in fact easier to find two consecutive verses in which these two MSS differ the one from the other, than two consecutive verses in which they entirely agree.. (And before you bring up Hebrews 4:12, realize that in context its talking about Jesus there too). Virgin Birth NASB KJV NKJV ESV, Not a scholar but just a few thoughts Lets say, as you have postulated, that scribes had a tendency to copy the best copies and therefore the majority of texts would tend to be the most reliable. 1 Corinthians 11:10, which Ive copy/pasted below with verses 8-9 for a bit of context. All who will receive Him (meaning through Gods grace are given faith to accept Him as Savior, Lord, and God of their life) are saved from the condemnation of their sins. Irenaeus in the 2nd century, though not in Alexandria, made a similar admission on the state of corruption among New Testament manuscripts. The KJV NT was based on 25 manuscripts, as did the NKJV. The reconstruction of a stemma of readings for each variant (the genealogical principle) is an extremely important device, because the reading which can most easily explain the derivation of the other forms is itself most likely the original. Throughout Europe the Elzevir editions came to occupy a place of honor, and their text was employed as the standard one for commentary and collation. How should I cite it? In English the indefinite article a gets an n added when the next word starts with a vowel. Have you ever studied how many actual Bibles were copied/printed and used by the church between 100-1500? Some even go so far as to say that other Bibles/translations are heretical and you cant truly be saved with them. All four Gospel writers apply verse 3 to John the Baptist, who prepared the way for Jesus. Be Blessed brother . Heres Dan Wallace arguably the most respected New Testament textual critic alive today talking about one of our oldest manuscripts, specifically Codex Alexandrius. This aspect of Gods preservation of Scripture is just as crucial as the first. Did God Preserve the Scriptures Perfectly in All Ages? First, we should reiterate that the differences were talking about here occur in less than 1% of the New Testament. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. Thank you. For I found no discussion of the effort to reduce the number of copies Erasmus had available. Before we look at each theory though, we need to understand what are called text types. The Majority Text vs. The Textus Receptus, called the Majority Text, which represents over 90% of the 5,800+ Greek manuscripts of the New Testament still in existence today. But I find your interpretation of Psalms 12, while correct in a literal sense, wrong in a prophetical sense. I think that it is time for the WEB to pick up the mantle of the ASV. It played an important role in the publication of the King James Bible and, indirectly, the history of the church [6]. They arent the only ones to say this either. Rather, decisions in textual criticism must be worked out afresh, passage by passage (the local principle). The consistency is excellent, but we dont know on which manuscripts it was originally based. Reasoned Eclecticism or the Critical Text Theory. Persecution under Septimus Severus (202-210). If you dont believe in any form of preservation, were not going to end up with the same conclusions, no matter how long we talk. Further, all of these manuscripts which can be called the Textus Receptus contain unique readings not found in any other manuscripts whatsoever. If you only include the Greek manuscripts, then indeed the Byzantine Text type is the majority. Christians dont need to obey the Mosaic Law anymore. Your treatment of the Word of God must be pointed out. When Jesus quoted the OT to the Pharisees, it was clear that He considered the words to be preserved. 2 Speak comfort to Jerusalem, and cry out to her, I cover this fact with proof in the article, under the heading The Biblical Case for the Doctrine of Preservation. JavaScript is disabled. All the theistic evolutionists tend to use the humanistic viewpoint when explaining the first 3 chapters of Genesis. The Bibles authority is only as great as our confidence in its reliability. Thus your eye jumps from This translation will be available by the end of year 2021. (see 1 Timothy 2:11-12, Ephesians 5, 1 Peter 3, 1 Corinthians 7:36-38, Numbers 30, etc.). For our purposes here, the term textus receptus means the 1550 edition of the Greek New Testament published by Robertus Stephanus. Weve just seen that it doesnt originate in the scriptures. The best translations article is much more practical. Theres a closed door between us (so I dont disturb her sleep) so I cant actually see her in bed. I believe it has something to do with age and heredity. When two copies disagree with each other, you have a variant in the text between two documents: this is (unsurprisingly) called a Textual Variant. The name first appeared in an advertising blurb in the 1630s in a different Greek New Testament published by the Elzevirs, and uncle and his nephew. The WEBs authority over her own head is quite in order. Likewise, the footnotes betray a liberal bias. Professor Wevers was the internationally recognized scholar in the field of Septuagint Studies. But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christby grace you have been saved and raised us up with him and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the coming ages he might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness towards us in Christ Jesus. To dispel the confusion, Im going to quote from the primary source: the finders own account of how he found it. 13 For great is Thy mercy toward me: and Thou hast delivered my soul from the lowest hell. 20 He indeed was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you. What are Gods actual words? Textus Receptus, the manuscript tradition behind the KJV and many other Bibles, reads ho monogens huios. Despite this, the Critical Text of the New Testament remains virtually unchanged from ~140 years ago. 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